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本文实例讲述了python执行shell获取硬件参数写入mysql的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下：

最近要获取服务器各种参数，包括cpu、内存、磁盘、型号等信息。试用了Hyperic HQ、Nagios和Snmp，它们功能都挺强大的，但是于需求不是太符，亦或者太heavy。

于是乎想到用python执行shell获取这些信息，python执行shell脚本有以下三种方法：

1. os.system()

os.system('ls')

#返回结果0或者1，不能得到命令的输出

2. os.popen()

复制代码代码如下:

output = os.popen('ls')

print output.read()

#打印出的是命令输出，但是得不到执行的返回值

3. commands.getstatusoutput()

复制代码代码如下:

(status, output) = commands.getstatusoutput('ls')

print status, output

#打印出返回值和命令输出

可以根据需要选取其中一种方法，以下是python执行shell获取硬件参数写入mysql，并定期更新的程序：

复制代码代码如下:

'''
Created on Dec 10, 2014

@author: liufei
'''
#coding=utf-8
import time, sched, os, string
from datetime import datetime
import MySQLdb

s = sched.scheduler(time.time,time.sleep)

def event_func():
    try:
        #主机名
        name = os.popen(""" hostname """).read()
        #cpu数目
        cpu_num = os.popen(""" cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l """).read()
        #内存大小
        mem = os.popen(""" free | grep Mem | awk '{print $2}' """).read()
        #机器品牌
        brand = os.popen(""" dmidecode | grep 'Vendor' | head -1 | awk -F: '{print $2}' """).read()
        #型号
        model = os.popen(""" dmidecode | grep 'Product Name' | head -1 | awk -F: '{print $2}' """).read()
        #磁盘大小
        storage = os.popen(""" fdisk -l | grep 'Disk /dev/sd' | awk 'BEGIN{sum=0}{sum=sum+$3}END{print sum}' """).read()
        #mac地址
        mac = os.popen(""" ifconfig -a | grep HWaddr | head -1 | awk '{print $5}' """).read()

        name = name.replace("\n","").lstrip()
        cpu_num = cpu_num.replace("\n","").lstrip()
        memory_gb = round(string.atof(mem.replace("\n","").lstrip())/1000.0/1000.0, 1)
        brand = brand.replace("\n","").lstrip()
        model = model.replace("\n","").lstrip()
        storage_gb = storage.replace("\n","").lstrip()
        mac = mac.replace("\n","").lstrip()

        print name
        print cpu_num
        print memory_gb
        print storage_gb
        print brand
        print model
        print mac

        conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='xx.xx.xx.xx',user='USERNAME',passwd='PASSWORD',db='DBNAME',port=3306)
        cur=conn.cursor()
        cur.execute('select mac from servers where mac=%s',mac)
        data = cur.fetchone()

        if data is None:
            value = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac, datetime.now(), datetime.now()]
            cur.execute("insert into servers(name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, mac, created_at, updated_at) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",value)
        else:
            value1 = [name, brand, model, memory_gb, storage_gb, cpu_num, datetime.now(), mac]
            cur.execute("update servers set name=%s,brand=%s,model=%s,memory_gb=%s,storage_gb=%s,cpu_num=%s, updated_at=%s where mac=%s",value1)

        conn.commit()
        cur.close()
        conn.close()

    except MySQLdb.Error,e:
        print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])

def perform(inc):
    s.enter(inc,0,perform,(inc,))
    event_func()

def mymain(inc=10):
    s.enter(0,0,perform,(inc,))
    s.run()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    mymain()