Django的数据模型访问多对多键值的方法
这里先来借用一个书本(book)的数据模型作为例子：
from django.db import models
class Publisher(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
address = models.CharField(max_length=50)
city = models.CharField(max_length=60)
state_province = models.CharField(max_length=30)
country = models.CharField(max_length=50)
website = models.URLField()
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=40)
email = models.EmailField()
def __unicode__(self):
return u'%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
publication_date = models.DateField()
def __unicode__(self):
return self.title
访问多对多值(Many-to-Many Values)
多对多和外键工作方式相同，只不过我们处理的是QuerySet而不是模型实例。 例如,这里是如何查看书籍的作者：
>>> b = Book.objects.get(id=50) >>> b.authors.all() [<Author: Adrian Holovaty>, <Author: Jacob Kaplan-Moss>] >>> b.authors.filter(first_name='Adrian') [<Author: Adrian Holovaty>] >>> b.authors.filter(first_name='Adam') []
反向查询也可以。 要查看一个作者的所有书籍,使用author.book_set ,就如这样:
>>> a = Author.objects.get(first_name='Adrian', last_name='Holovaty') >>> a.book_set.all() [<Book: The Django Book>, <Book: Adrian's Other Book>]
这里,就像使用 ForeignKey字段一样，属性名book_set是在数据模型(model)名后追加_set。