Python SQLite3简介
最近需要用Python写一个简易通讯录，但是对于数据存储很发愁。大家都知道，使用 Python 中的列表和字典进行存储数据是很不靠谱的，所以就想到Python有没有内置的数据库模块。
SQLite3简介
SQLite3 可使用 sqlite3 模块与 Python 进行集成。sqlite3 模块是由 Gerhard Haring 编写的。它提供了一个与 PEP 249 描述的 DB-API 2.0 规范兼容的 SQL 接口。您不需要单独安装该模块，因为 Python 2.5.x 以上版本默认自带了该模块。
为了使用 sqlite3 模块，您首先必须创建一个表示数据库的连接对象，然后您可以有选择地创建光标对象，这将帮助您执行所有的 SQL 语句。
怎么样，听起来不错吧！那就快来学习使用吧。
连接数据库
下面的 Python 代码显示了如何连接到一个现有的数据库。如果数据库不存在，那么它就会被创建，最后将返回一个数据库对象。
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('mysql_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
在这里，您也可以把数据库名称复制为特定的名称 :memory:，这样就会在 RAM 中创建一个数据库。现在，让我们来运行上面的程序，在当前目录中创建我们的数据库 mysql_person.db。您可以根据需要改变路径。保存上面代码到 sqlite.py 文件中，并按如下所示执行。如果数据库成功创建，那么会显示下面所示的消息：
$chmod +x sqlite.py $./sqlite.py Open database successfully
创建表
下面的 Python 代码段将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建一个表：
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('mysql_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
conn.execute('''CREATE TABLE MT
(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
AGE INT NOT NULL,
ADDRESS CHAR(50),
SALARY REAL);''')
print "Table created successfully";
conn.close()
上述程序执行时，它会在 test.db 中创建 MT 表，并显示下面所示的消息：
Opened database successfully Table created successfully
INSERT 操作
下面的 Python 程序显示了如何在上面创建的 MT 表中创建记录：
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('mysql_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 )");
conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 )");
conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 )");
conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \
VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 )");
conn.commit()
print "Records created successfully";
conn.close()
上述程序执行时，它会在 MT 表中创建给定记录，并会显示以下两行：
Opened database successfully Records created successfully
SELECT 操作
下面的 Python 程序显示了如何从前面创建的 MT 表中获取并显示记录：
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('mysql_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
cursor = conn.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from MT")
for row in cursor:
print "ID = ", row[0]
print "NAME = ", row[1]
print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]
print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"
print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()
上述程序执行时，它会产生以下结果：
Opened database successfully ID = 1 NAME = Paul ADDRESS = California SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 2 NAME = Allen ADDRESS = Texas SALARY = 15000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 Operation done successfully
UPDATE 操作
下面的 Python 代码显示了如何使用 UPDATE 语句来更新任何记录，然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示更新的记录：
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('mysql_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
conn.execute("UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1")
conn.commit()
print "Total number of rows updated :", conn.total_changes
cursor = conn.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from MT")
for row in cursor:
print "ID = ", row[0]
print "NAME = ", row[1]
print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]
print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"
print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()
上述程序执行时，它会产生以下结果：
Opened database successfully Total number of rows updated : 1 ID = 1 NAME = Paul ADDRESS = California SALARY = 25000.0 ID = 2 NAME = Allen ADDRESS = Texas SALARY = 15000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 Operation done successfully
DELETE 操作
下面的 Python 代码显示了如何使用 DELETE 语句删除任何记录，然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示剩余的记录：
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('mysql_person.db')
print "Opened database successfully";
conn.execute("DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;")
conn.commit()
print "Total number of rows deleted :", conn.total_changes
cursor = conn.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from MT")
for row in cursor:
print "ID = ", row[0]
print "NAME = ", row[1]
print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]
print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"
print "Operation done successfully";
conn.close()
上述程序执行时，它会产生以下结果：
Opened database successfully Total number of rows deleted : 1 ID = 1 NAME = Paul ADDRESS = California SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 Operation done successfully
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持【听图阁-专注于Python设计】。
