python异步实现定时任务和周期任务的方法
一. 如何调用
def f1(arg1, arg2):
print('f1', arg1, arg2)
def f2(arg1):
print('f2', arg1)
def f3():
print('f3')
def f4():
print('周期任务', int(time.time()))
timer = TaskTimer()
# 把任务加入任务队列
timer.join_task(f1, [1, 2], timing=15.5) # 每天15:30执行
timer.join_task(f2, [3], timing=14) # 每天14:00执行
timer.join_task(f3, [], timing=15) # 每天15:00执行
timer.join_task(f4, [], interval=10) # 每10秒执行1次
# 开始执行（此时才会创建线程）
timer.start()
f1~f4是我们需要定时执行的函数。
首先创建TaskTimer对象（TaskTimer的代码在下面）。调用join_task函数，把需要执行的函数加入到任务队列。最后调用start，任务就开始执行了。
join_task参数：
fun:需要执行的函数
arg:fun的参数，如果没有就传一个空列表
interval:如果有此参数，说明任务是周期任务，单位为秒（注意interval最少5秒）
timing:如果有此参数，说明任务是定时任务，单位为时
注意：interval和timing只能选填1个
二. 源码
import datetime
import time
from threading import Thread
from time import sleep
class TaskTimer:
__instance = None
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
"""
单例模式
"""
if not cls.__instance:
cls.__instance = object.__new__(cls)
return cls.__instance
def __init__(self):
if not hasattr(self, 'task_queue'):
setattr(self, 'task_queue', [])
if not hasattr(self, 'is_running'):
setattr(self, 'is_running', False)
def write_log(self, level, msg):
cur_time = datetime.datetime.now()
with open('./task.log', mode='a+', encoding='utf8') as file:
s = "[" + str(cur_time) + "][" + level + "] " + msg
print(s)
file.write(s + "\n")
def work(self):
"""
处理任务队列
"""
while True:
for task in self.task_queue:
if task['interval']:
self.cycle_task(task)
elif task['timing']:
self.timing_task(task)
sleep(5)
def cycle_task(self, task):
"""
周期任务
"""
if task['next_sec'] <= int(time.time()):
try:
task['fun'](*task['arg'])
self.write_log("正常", "周期任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 已执行")
except Exception as e:
self.write_log("异常", "周期任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 函数内部异常：" + str(e))
finally:
task['next_sec'] = int(time.time()) + task['interval']
def timing_task(self, task):
"""
定时任务
"""
# 今天已过秒数
today_sec = self.get_today_until_now()
# 到了第二天，就重置任务状态
if task['today'] != self.get_today():
task['today'] = self.get_today()
task['today_done'] = False
# 第一次执行
if task['first_work']:
if today_sec >= task['task_sec']:
task['today_done'] = True
task['first_work'] = False
else:
task['first_work'] = False
# 今天还没有执行
if not task['today_done']:
if today_sec >= task['task_sec']: # 到点了，开始执行任务
try:
task['fun'](*task['arg'])
self.write_log("正常", "定时任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 已执行")
except Exception as e:
self.write_log("异常", "定时任务：" + task['fun'].__name__ + " 函数内部异常：" + str(e))
finally:
task['today_done'] = True
if task['first_work']:
task['first_work'] = False
def get_today_until_now(self):
"""
获取今天凌晨到现在的秒数
"""
i = datetime.datetime.now()
return i.hour * 3600 + i.minute * 60 + i.second
def get_today(self):
"""
获取今天的日期
"""
i = datetime.datetime.now()
return i.day
def join_task(self, fun, arg, interval=None, timing=None):
"""
interval和timing只能存在1个
:param fun: 你要调用的任务
:param arg: fun的参数
:param interval: 周期任务，单位秒
:param timing: 定时任务，取值：[0,24)
"""
# 参数校验
if (interval != None and timing != None) or (interval == None and timing == None):
raise Exception('interval和timing只能选填1个')
if timing and not 0 <= timing < 24:
raise Exception('timing的取值范围为[0,24)')
if interval and interval < 5:
raise Exception('interval最少为5')
# 封装一个task
task = {
'fun': fun,
'arg': arg,
'interval': interval,
'timing': timing,
}
# 封装周期或定时任务相应的参数
if timing:
task['task_sec'] = timing * 3600
task['today_done'] = False
task['first_work'] = True
task['today'] = self.get_today()
elif interval:
task['next_sec'] = int(time.time()) + interval
# 把task加入任务队列
self.task_queue.append(task)
self.write_log("正常", "新增任务：" + fun.__name__)
def start(self):
"""
开始执行任务
返回线程标识符
"""
if not self.is_running:
thread = Thread(target=self.work)
thread.start()
self.is_running = True
self.write_log("正常", "TaskTimer已开始运行！")
return thread.ident
self.write_log("警告", "TaskTimer已运行，请勿重复启动！")
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